A33a

Copying a computer program can be literal, where the program code itself is copied, in which case the two programs are written in the same computer programming language. Alternatively, copying can be non-literal, where elements of the program such as its structure, sequence of operations, functions, interfaces and methodologies are copied but the program code is not directly copied. Literal copying occurs where a person copies an existing program by disk to disk copying or by writing out or printing the program listing, perhaps to key it into another computer at a later date. In either case, the person making the copy may make some alterations to the copy. These may be to disguise its origins or to enhance the program, for example, by adding some additional functions. Literal copying is relatively easy for infringement. Even relatively small programs will be the result of the programmer's skill, experience and judgment. The following case in the first to seriously consider the issu...

Intellectual property is that area of law which concerns legal rights associated with creative effort or commercial reputation and goodwill. The subject matter or intellectual property is very wide and includes literally and artistic works, films, computer programs, inventions, design and marks used by traders for their goods or services. The law deters others from copying or taking unfair advantage of the work or reputation of another and provides remedies should this happen. There are several different forms of rights or areas of law giving rise to rights that together make up intellectual property including Copyright, Patents and Trademarks. Copyright law is one of the intellectual property law which includes protecting the photography, sound recordings, films and broadcasting, computer programs, databases, preparatory material and associated documentation(in printed or electronic form) from being unauthorized copying, uses or distribution. As with any other literary work, the copy...

Cyber crime refers to all the activities done with criminal intent in cyberspace or using the medium of Internet . These could be either the criminal activities in the conventional sense or activities, newly evolved with the growth of the new medium. Any activity, which basically offends human sensibilities, can be included in the ambit of Cyber crimes. Because of the anonymous nature of Internet , it is possible to engage in a variety of criminal activities with impunity, and people with intelligence, have been grossly misusing this aspect of the Internet to commit criminal activities in Cyberspace . The field of the Cyber crime is just emerging and new forms of criminal activities in Cyberspace are coming to the forefront each day. For example, child pornography on Internet constitutes on serious cyber crime. Similarly, online pedophiles, using Internet to minor children into sex, are as much cyber criminals as any others. There are basically Three major categories of Cyber crimes ...