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1. A directed graph is ………………. if there is a path from each vertex to every other vertex in the digraph. A) Weakly connected B) Strongly Connected C) Tightly Connected D) Linearly Connected 2. In the …………….. traversal we process all of a vertex’s descendents before we move to an adjacent vertex. A) Depth First B) Breadth First C) With First D) Depth Limited 3. State True of False. i) Network is a graph that has weights or costs associated with it. ii) An undirected graph which contains no cycles is called a forest. iii) A graph is said to be complete if there is no edge between every pair of vertices. A) True, False, True B) True, True, False C) True, True, True D) False, True, True 4. Match the following. a) Completeness          i) How long does it take to find a solution b) Time Complexity    ii) How much memory need to perform the search. c) Space Complexity  iii) Is the strategy guaranteed to...

1. Which if the following is/are the levels of implementation of data structure A) Abstract level B) Application level C) Implementation level D) All of the above 2. A binary search tree whose left subtree and right subtree differ in hight by at most 1 unit is called …… A) AVL tree B) Red-black tree C) Lemma tree D) None of the above 3. ……………….. level is where the model becomes compatible executable code A) Abstract level B) Application level C) Implementation level D) All of the above 4. Stack is also called as A) Last in first out B) First in last out C) Last in last out D) First in first out 5. Which of the following is true about the characteristics of abstract data types? i) It exports a type. ii) It exports a set of operations A) True, False B) False, True C) True, True D) False, False 6. …………… is not the component of data structure. A) Operations B) Storage Structures C) Algorithms D) None of above 7. Which of the following is not the part of ADT description? A) Data B) Operatio...

1. State true or false. i) Select operator is not a unary operator. ii) Project operator chooses subset of attributes or columns of a relation. A) i-True, ii-False B) i-True, ii-True C) i-False, ii-True D) i-False, ii-False 2. …………… database is used as template for all databases created. A) Master B) Model C) Tempdb D) None of the above 3. One aspect that has to be dealt with by the integrity subsystem is to ensure that only valid values can be assigned to each data items. This is referred to as A) Data Security B) Domain access C) Data Control D) Domain Integrity 4. ………………….. operator is basically a join followed by a project on the attributes of first relation. A) Join B) Semi-Join C) Full Join D) Inner Join 5. Which of the following is not a binary operator in relational algebra? A) Join B) Semi-Join C) Assignment D) Project 6. Centralizing the integrity checking directly under the DBMS ………….. Duplication and ensures the consistency and validity of the database. A) Increases B) Skip...

1. The candidate key is that you choose to identify each row uniquely is called …………….. A) Alternate Key B) Primary Key C) Foreign Key D) None of the above 2. …………….. is used to determine whether of a table contains duplicate rows. A) Unique predicate B) Like Predicate C) Null predicate D) In predicate 3. To eliminate duplicate rows ……………… is used A) NODUPLICATE B) ELIMINATE C) DISTINCT D) None of these 4. State true or false i) A candidate key is a minimal super key. ii) A candidate key can also refer to as surrogate key. A) i-true, ii-false B) i-false, ii-true C) i-true, ii-true D) i-false, ii-false 5. DCL stands for A) Data Control Language B) Data Console Language C) Data Console Level D) Data Control Level 6. …………………… is the process of organizing data into related tables. A) Normalization B) Generalization C) Specialization D) None of the above 7. A ………………. Does not have a distinguishing attribute if its own and mostly are dependent entities, which are part of some another entity....

1. DBMS is a collection of ………….. that enables user to create and maintain a database. A) Keys B) Translators C) Program D) Language Activity 2. In a relational schema, each tuple is divided into fields called A) Relations B) Domains C) Queries D) All of the above 3. In an ER model, ……………. is described in the database by storing its data. A) Entity B) Attribute C) Relationship D) Notation 4. DFD stands for A) Data Flow Document B) Data File Diagram C) Data Flow Diagram D) Non of the above 5. A top-to-bottom relationship among the items in a database is established by a A) Hierarchical schema B) Network schema C) Relational Schema D) All of the above 6. ……………… table store information about database or about the system. A) SQL B) Nested C) System D) None of these 7. …………..defines the structure of a relation which consists of a fixed set of attribute-domain pairs. A) Instance B) Schema c) Program D) Super Key 8. ……………… clause is an additional filter that is applied to the result. A) Sele...

Secure Socket Layer ( SSL ) is a security protocol that was developed by Netscape Communications Corporation , along with RSA Data Security, Inc. The Primary goal of the SSL protocol is to provide a private channel between communicating applications, which ensures privacy of data, authentication of the partners, and integrity. The Secure Socket Layer (SSL) technology was used for the websites or web applications which need more security.  SSL handshake protocol with two way authentication with certificates. (Photo credit: Wikipedia )   Secure Socket Layer (SSL) is composed of two layers: At the lower layer, a protocol for transferring data using a variety of predefined cipher and authentication combinations, called the SSL Record Protocol. On the upper layer, a protocol for initial authentication and transfer of encryption keys, called the SSL Handshake Protocol. An SSL session is initiated as follows: On the client (browser), the user requests a document with a special UR...

English: Encapsulating one IP packet in another IP packet (Photo credit: Wikipedia ) Internet Security is the securing web server and client (browser) from the possible attacks over the Wide Area Networks or Internet. Internet security is a type of Computer Security or the network Security. It includes mainly specific security protocols like IPSec (Internet Security Protocol), SSL ( Secure Socket Layer ) or TSL (Transport Layer Security). Internet Security also describes about PGP ( Pretty Good Privacy ) which is designed to create authenticated and confidential e-mails. It also discuss about Firewalls and Antivirus Programs. # IP Security (IPSec) IP Security (IPSec) is collection of protocols designed by Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) to provide security for a packet at the network level. It helps to create authenticated and confidential packets for the IP layer. IPSec operates in one of the following two modes. i) Transport Mode In this mode, IPSec protects what is delive...